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PERSONAL PRONOUNS
| SUBJECT | |
| I | je / j' |
| You | tu |
| He | il |
| She | elle |
| We | nous |
| You | vous |
| They (m) | ils |
| They (f) | elles |
- Je becomes j' when the following word begins with a vowel or a mute 'h'.
- Tu is used with friends and family. Vous is used with people we don't know, in formal conversations or with older people.
- Il is used for impersonal sentences, like
il fait froid, il est 8 heures.
| DIRECT OBJECT | INDIRECT OBJECT | |
| I | me / m' | me / m' |
| You | te / t' | te / t' |
| He | le / l' | lui |
| She | la / l' | lui |
| We | nous | nous |
| You | vous | vous |
| They (m) | les | leur |
| They (f) | les | leur |
- The direct object pronouns are always used before the verb, except for the imperative.
Je te téléphone. Je ne te téléphone pas. - The indirect object pronouns replace the complements of verbs followed by the preposition à.
Je lui écrit pour son anniversaire. (écrire à une personne) - Me, te, le, la become m', t', l', l' when the following word begins with a vowel or a mute 'h'.
Je m'appelle Paul.
| REFLEXIVE | |
| I | me / m' |
| You | te / t' |
| He | se / s' |
| She | se / s' |
| We | nous |
| You | vous |
| They (m) | se / s' |
| They (f) | se / s' |
- The reflexive pronouns are used when the action is made on the same person as the subject.
Je me lave. Il se rase. - Me, te, se become m', t', s' when the following word begins with a vowel or a mute 'h'.
Tu t'intéresses à l'histoire? - The pronoun soi is used to refer to people in general.
La confiance en soi est très important.
Il est tard, tout le monde doit rentrer chez soi.
TONIC PRONOUNS
| SUBJECT | DIRECT OBJECT |
INDIRECT OBJECT |
|
| I | moi | moi | moi |
| You | toi | toi | toi |
| He | lui | le | lui |
| She | elle | la | lui |
| We | nous | nous | nous |
| You | vous | vous | vous |
| They (m) | eux | les | leur |
| They (f) | elles | les | leur |
PRONOMS COMPLEMENTS: en - y
- The partitive pronoun en is used to replace a noun phrase that begins with du, de la or des, or a noun phrase that makes reference to a quantity of something.
As-tu du pain? Oui, j'en ai.
Avez-vous des enfants? Oui, j'en ai deux.
Avos-vous une voiture? Non, je n'en ai pas. - The pronoun y is used to replace a noun phrase that begins with à or when talking about a place.
Elle joue à la pétanque. Elle y joue souvent.
Nous allons à Paris. Nous y allons.
ORDER OF PRONOUNS IN THE SENTENCE
- When used before the verb, they follow this order:
| me / m' te / t' se / s' nous vous |
le / l' la / l' les |
lui leur |
y | en |
- Je te le dit.
Elle le lui prête.
Il y en a.
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